| Stock and Commodity Exchange Volatility Controls |
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| Stock exchanges such as the New York and American Stock Exchanges and trading facilities such as Nasdaq are considered self-regulatory organizations under federal securities laws. To reduce volatility, securities and commodities markets have adopted several mechanisms known as circuit breakers, the collar rule, and price limits. More... |
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| Basics of the Agency Relationship |
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| Business often is conducted by agents who act for others. For example, insurance policies may be sold through agents. Agencies also exist in relationships between guardians and wards, employees and employers, estates and executors, and partners. More... |
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| Tracking or Targeted Stocks |
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| In addition to common stock, companies may issue what is known as tracking or targeted stock. For example, a large automaker that acquired a company in the computer industry issued a tracking stock that tracked the performance of the acquired company once it began operating as a division of the automaker. More... |
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| Directors' Duty of Care |
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| The duty of care requires a director to make business decisions in the best interests of the corporation in good faith, with due diligence, and with the skill and judgment of an ordinary person under the circumstances. Claims for breach of the duty of care that involve a failure to act typically allege that directors did not adequately supervise corporate executives or key employees. More... |
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| Compliance with the ADEA/OWBPA |
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| After the United States Supreme Court decided Ohio v. Betts in 1989, Congress amended the ADEA by passing The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 3 (OWBPA). The OWBPA further clarifies Congress's original intent relative to age-based discrimination in the area of employee benefits. Under the OWBPA, an employee may reduce benefits for older workers only when the cost of providing reduced benefits is the same as it is for younger workers. An employer cannot prevent an older employee's pension from accumulating or accruing if the employee works past normal retirement age. The practice of forcing older workers to take early retirement is also addressed.
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